利用树莓派Zero远程可视化喂鱼

眼看要过年了,回老家之后,养的小鱼用不了几天就要见马克思,想着用朋友送的zero来做一个远程喂鱼的小东西,应该不难。

思路:利用双路继电器分别控制灯和水泵,使用mjpg-streamer来获取摄像头的视频流,并在特定的时刻自动开闭继电器。

网络环境:有公网IP的家庭网络,利用路由器的ddns或者花生壳,树莓派作为tcpserver对外提供访问。但这个条件,目前已经很难满足了,一般网络都是大内网,这种情况可以让树莓派作为tcpclient主动请求服务器获取指令,本文介绍的是第一种情况。

鱼食槽暂时未完成,准备搞两个大一点的瓶盖,合起来热熔胶伺候,中间放鱼食,边缘开两个孔,最终固定到步进电机上,转一圈就能完成喂鱼动作。

树莓派的安装和配置,本文不再赘述,本文分“硬件部分”、“软件部分”、“自启动配置”来说明整个项目。

硬件部分

本项目中使用的硬件:
必不可少的大脑:

1. 双路继电器
使用 gpio readall 指令来获取树莓派上的所有接口信息。
这里使用BCM方式来控制GPIO接口,选择BCM编号为18和27的插针,也就是GPIO1和GPIO2,作为两路继电器的信号控制,继电器的vcc和gnd,分别接到树莓派的5V和0V接口,先借个图,看起来清晰一点。

2. 步进电机及ULN2003控制模块
步进电机利用4步或8步脉冲信号来驱动电机转动,这里用双4步(ab bc cd da)来控制电机,可以获得比较强的扭矩,同时精度也比单4步要好,这个ULN2003控制模块有个缺点,就是控制间隔不能小于3ms,否则电机只震动,不转动。

连接也很简单,正负极接到zero上,控制脚使用BCM编号为23 24 25 12的针脚,BCM编号见第一张图。

3. 兼容的USB摄像头
直接扔到usb集线器上就完事了,树莓派上使用lsusb查看,如果没有,基本是不兼容导致的。

4. 兼容树莓派的USB无线网卡

5. USB集线器

软件部分

软件也是主要三大块:
1. 继电器控制、定时控制、步进电机控制 (代码文件保存到/home/pi/scripts/MyTcpControl.py)
2. 摄像头实时视频流部署 (启动视频流服务的脚本保存到/home/pi/scripts/startCamera.sh)
3. 安卓远程控制APP>
1. 双路继电器控制、自动定时控制、步进电机控制
本模块使用Python语言编写。

  1. 建立TCP服务器,通信端口为7654
  2. 高低电平控制
    由于使用的继电器写低为接通电路,所以代码中,使用GPIO.LOW来接通继电器电路,GPIO.HIGH来关闭继电器电路。
  3. 电机步进序列控制。
    步进电机使用双4步来控制GPIO的电平信号,具体为:

1,1,0,0

0,1,1,0

0,0,1,1

1,0,0,1

MyTcpControl.py完整代码如下


import sys

import os

import _thread

import time

import datetime

from socket import *

import RPi.GPIO as GPIO



host = '0.0.0.0'

port = 7654

buffsize = 4096

ADDR = (host,port)

channel1 = 18

channel2 = 27



IN1 = 23

IN2 = 24

IN3 = 25

IN4 = 12



lightManual = False

pumpManual = False

lightStatus = 0

pumpStatus = 0



def main():

    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)

    GPIO.setwarnings(False)



    GPIO.setup(channel1,GPIO.OUT,initial=GPIO.HIGH)

    GPIO.setup(channel2,GPIO.OUT,initial=GPIO.HIGH)

    

    GPIO.setup(IN1,GPIO.OUT)

    GPIO.setup(IN2,GPIO.OUT)

    GPIO.setup(IN3,GPIO.OUT)

    GPIO.setup(IN4,GPIO.OUT)

    

    _thread.start_new_thread(autoControlLight, ("light",1))

    _thread.start_new_thread(autoControlPump, ("pump",1))



    server = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)

    server.bind(ADDR)

    server.listen(10)

    print("MyControl TcpServer is started")

    while True:

        try:

            client,addr = server.accept()

            _thread.start_new_thread(onAccept, (client,addr))

        except:

            print('Server is interrupted')

    #server.close()

    #server.shutdown()



def autoControlLight(tName,para):

    global lightManual

    global lightStatus

    while True:

        timeNow1 = datetime.datetime.now()

        h = timeNow1.hour

        m = timeNow1.minute

        if h==0 and m==0:

            lightManual = False

        if h==8 and m==0 and lightManual==False:

            GPIO.output(channel1,GPIO.LOW)

            lightStatus = 1

        if h==17 and m==0:

            GPIO.output(channel1,GPIO.HIGH)

            lightStatus = 0

         

        time.sleep(60)

        

def autoControlPump(tName,para):

    global pumpManual

    global pumpStatus

    while True:

        timeNow2 = datetime.datetime.now()

        h = timeNow2.hour

        m = timeNow2.minute

        if h==0 and m==0:

            pumpManual = False

        if h==8 and m==0 and pumpManual==False:

            GPIO.output(channel2,GPIO.LOW)

            pumpStatus = 1

        if h==17 and m==0:

            GPIO.output(channel2,GPIO.HIGH)

            pumpStatus = 0

         

        time.sleep(30)

        

def opDrive():

    forwardDrive(0.008,512)

    stopDrive()



def onAccept(sock, addr):

    recvData = sock.recv(buffsize).decode('gbk')

    print('recvData:'+recvData) #print data

    retInfo=""

    global lightManual

    global lightStatus

    global pumpManual

    global pumpStatus

    try:

        if recvData=="open_close":

            retInfo = "opDrive success"

            sock.send(retInfo.encode('gbk'))

            sock.close()

            opDrive()

        else:

            if recvData=="open1":

                GPIO.output(channel1,GPIO.LOW)

                lightManual = True

                lightStatus = 1

                retInfo = "light 1"

            elif recvData=="close1":

                GPIO.output(channel1,GPIO.HIGH)

                lightManual = True

                lightStatus = 0

                retInfo = "light 0"

            elif recvData=="open2":

                GPIO.output(channel2,GPIO.LOW)

                pumpManual = True

                pumpStatus = 1

                retInfo = "pump 1"

            elif recvData=="close2":

                GPIO.output(channel2,GPIO.HIGH)

                pumpManual = True

                pumpStatus = 0

                retInfo = "pump 0"

            elif recvData=="reboot":

                os.system("sudo reboot")

                retInfo = "reboot success"

            elif recvData=="getStatus":

                retInfo=str(lightStatus)+","+str(pumpStatus)

            elif recvData=="test":

                retInfo="test ok"

            

            sock.send(retInfo.encode('gbk'))

            sock.close()

    except Exception as err:

        retInfo = str(err)

        sock.send(retInfo.encode('gbk'))

        sock.close()

    

def setStep(w1,w2,w3,w4):

    GPIO.output(IN1,w1)

    GPIO.output(IN2,w2)

    GPIO.output(IN3,w3)

    GPIO.output(IN4,w4)

    

def stopDrive():

    setStep(0,0,0,0)

        

def forwardDrive(delay,steps):

    for i in range(0,steps):

        setStep(1,1,0,0)

        time.sleep(delay)

        setStep(0,1,1,0)

        time.sleep(delay)

        setStep(0,0,1,1)

        time.sleep(delay)

        setStep(1,0,0,1)

        time.sleep(delay)



if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

2. 摄像头实时视频流部署
尝试了motion组件,发现巨卡,转而使用mjpg-streamer,很流畅,推荐使用!
(1)安装依赖库


sudo apt-get install libjpeg62-dev

sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev

(2)树莓派浏览器访问https://github.com/jacksonliam/mjpg-streamer 下载源码,默认到/home/pi/Downloads目录,完成后解压缩。
由于市面上大部分摄像头是YUYV格式输出,所以要修改mjpg-streamer项目的代码文件,让其默认支持此格式的摄像头。
使用nano指令,或TextEditor打开mjpg-streamer-experimental/plugins/input_uvc/input_uvc.c这个文件,找到input_init函数,修改
“format = V4L2_PIX_FMT_MJPEG” 为
“format = V4L2_PIX_FMT_YUYV”。

(3) 编译、部署mjpg-streamer项目


sudo apt-get install cmake

cd /home/pi/Downloads/mjpg-streamer-master/mjpg-streamer-experimental

sudo make clean all

编译完成后,复制相关文件到指定目录


sudo cp mjpg_streamer /usr/local/bin

sudo cp output_http.so input_uvc.so /usr/local/lib/

sudo cp -R www /usr/local/www

最后,使用指令来启动视频组件

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib mjpg_streamer -i "input_uvc.so -r 320x240 -f 12" -o "output_http.so -p 12001 -w /usr/local/www"

在谷歌浏览器中,就可以看到视频了,预览地址为 http://树莓派IP:12001/?action=stream

3. 安卓远程控制APP
使用Android Studio作为IDE,利用webview控件作为人机交互,简单快速。
(1) fish.html文件,放入assets目录


<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

    <meta charset="utf-8">

    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico" />

    <link rel="bookmark" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"   />

    <title>远程喂鱼</title>

    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico">

    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css?v=3.3.6" rel="stylesheet">

    <link href="css/font-awesome.css?v=4.4.0" rel="stylesheet">

    <link href="css/animate.css" rel="stylesheet">

    <link href="css/style.css?v=4.1.0" rel="stylesheet">

</head>



<body class="gray-bg">

<div class="wrapper wrapper-content" style="padding:10px;">



    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-sm-4">

            <div class="ibox float-e-margins" style="margin-bottom:5px;">

                <div class="ibox-content no-padding">

                    <div class="panel-body">

                        8:00自动开灯和水泵,17:00自动关灯和水泵

                    </div>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>



    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-sm-4">

            <div class="ibox float-e-margins" style="margin-bottom:5px;">

                <div class="ibox-title">

                    <h5>实时视频</h5>

                </div>

                <div class="ibox-content no-padding">

                    <div class="panel-body">

                        <img style="width:100%;height:240px;" src="http://树莓派IP:12001/?action=stream" />

                    </div>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>



    <div class="row">

        <div class="col-sm-4">

            <div class="ibox float-e-margins" style="margin-bottom:5px;">

                <div class="ibox-content no-padding">

                    <div class="panel-body" style="text-align:center;">

                        <button id="lightBtn" class="btn btn-w-m btn-success" type="button"></button>  

                        <button id="pumpBtn" class="btn btn-w-m btn-success" type="button"></button>

                        <!--<button class="btn btn-w-m btn-success" type="button" onclick="control('resetvideo')">重启视频</button>  -->

                        <button class="btn btn-w-m btn-success" type="button" onclick="control('reboot')">重启控制器</button>  

                        <button id="fishBtn" class="btn btn-w-m btn-success" type="button" onclick="control('open_close')">喂食</button>

                    </div>

                </div>

            </div>

        </div>

    </div>



</div>

<script src="js/jquery.min.js?v=2.1.4"></script>

<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js?v=3.3.6"></script>

<script>

        function control(op) {

            if (op == "open_close")

                $("#fishBtn").removeClass("btn-success").addClass("btn-default").attr('disabled', 'disabled');



            var ret = "";

            if (op == "resetvideo") {

                if (confirm("确定要重启视频模块吗?")) {

                    ret = window.JSHook.execTcpCmd(op);

                }

            }

            else if (op == "reboot") {

                if (confirm("确定要重启控制器?")) {

                    ret = window.JSHook.execTcpCmd(op);

                }

            }

            else

                window.setTimeout(function () {

                    ret = window.JSHook.execTcpCmd(op);

                    controlCallback(op, ret);

                }, 0);

        }

        function controlCallback(op, ret) {

            if (op == "getStatus") {

                var lightStatus = ret.split(",")[0];

                var pumpStatus = ret.split(",")[1];

                if (lightStatus == "1")

                    $("#lightBtn").removeClass("btn-default").addClass("btn-success").text("关灯").unbind("click").click(function () {

                        control("close1");

                    });

                else

                    $("#lightBtn").removeClass("btn-success").addClass("btn-default").text("开灯").unbind("click").click(function () {

                        control("open1");

                    });

                if (pumpStatus == "1")

                    $("#pumpBtn").removeClass("btn-default").addClass("btn-success").text("关水泵").unbind("click").click(function () {

                        control("close2");

                    });

                else

                    $("#pumpBtn").removeClass("btn-success").addClass("btn-default").text("开水泵").unbind("click").click(function () {

                        control("open2");

                    });

            }

            else if (op == "open1" && ret == "light 1") { //开灯

                $("#lightBtn").removeClass("btn-default").addClass("btn-success").text("关灯").unbind("click").click(function () {

                    control("close1");

                });

            }

            else if (op == "close1" && ret == "light 0") {//关灯

                $("#lightBtn").removeClass("btn-success").addClass("btn-default").text("开灯").unbind("click").click(function () {

                    control("open1");

                });

            }

            else if (op == "open2" && ret == "pump 1") {//开水泵

                $("#pumpBtn").removeClass("btn-default").addClass("btn-success").text("关水泵").unbind("click").click(function () {

                    control("close2");

                });

            }

            else if (op == "close2" && ret == "pump 0") {//关水泵

                $("#pumpBtn").removeClass("btn-success").addClass("btn-default").text("开水泵").unbind("click").click(function () {

                    control("open2");

                });

            }

            else if (op == "open_close" && ret == "opDrive success") {

                alert("喂食成功");

                $("#fishBtn").removeClass("btn-default").addClass("btn-success").removeAttr("disabled");

            }

        }

        control("getStatus");

    </script>

</body>

</html>

(2)Activity里就一个WebView组件,主窗体后端代码MainActivity.java


package com.wszhoho.viewfish;



import android.annotation.SuppressLint;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.os.Vibrator;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.view.View;

import android.view.WindowManager;

import android.webkit.JavascriptInterface;

import android.webkit.WebChromeClient;

import android.webkit.WebSettings;

import android.webkit.WebView;



import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;

import java.util.Random;



public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    static WeakReference<WebView> _webView;

    Vibrator vibrator;



    @Override

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        vibrator = (Vibrator) getSystemService(VIBRATOR_SERVICE);

        Random rnd = new Random(100);

        int v = rnd.nextInt();

        String webViewUrl = "file:///android_asset/fish.html?v=" + v;

        initWebView(webViewUrl);

        getWindow().addFlags(WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON);

    }



    @SuppressLint("SetJavaScriptEnabled")

    private void initWebView(String url) {

        _webView = new WeakReference<>(findViewById(R.id.webView));

        //重新设置WebSettings

        WebSettings webSettings = _webView.get().getSettings();

        webSettings.setDisplayZoomControls(false);

        webSettings.setSupportZoom(false);

        webSettings.setAppCacheEnabled(true);

        webSettings.setAllowFileAccess(true);

        webSettings.setUseWideViewPort(true);

        webSettings.setLoadWithOverviewMode(true);

        webSettings.setSaveFormData(false);

        webSettings.setDomStorageEnabled(true);

        webSettings.setSupportMultipleWindows(true);

        webSettings.setJavaScriptCanOpenWindowsAutomatically(true);

        webSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true);

        _webView.get().addJavascriptInterface(this, "JSHook");

        _webView.get().setScrollBarStyle(View.SCROLLBARS_INSIDE_OVERLAY);

        _webView.get().canGoBack();

        _webView.get().requestFocus();



        _webView.get().setWebChromeClient(new WebChromeClient());

        _webView.get().loadUrl(url);

    }



    @JavascriptInterface

    public String execTcpCmd(String op) {

        try {

            if (!op.equals("getStatus"))

                vibrator.vibrate(100);

            String ret = TcpClient.SendMsg(op);

            return ret;

        } catch (Exception ignored) {

            return "-1";

        }

    }

}

(3)TcpClient.java


package com.wszhoho.viewfish;



import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;





class TcpClient {

    private static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();



    static String SendMsg(String msg) {

        lock.lock();

        AtomicReference<String> retStr = new AtomicReference<>("");

        new Thread(() -> {

            Socket client = null;

            try {

                client = new Socket(树莓派IP, 7654);



                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));



                OutputStream os = client.getOutputStream();

                os.write(msg.getBytes("utf-8"));

                os.flush();



                retStr.set(in.readLine());

            } catch (IOException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            } finally {

                if (client != null) {

                    try {

                        client.close();

                    } catch (IOException e) {

                        e.printStackTrace();

                    }

                }

            }

        }).start();

        while (retStr.get().equals("")) {

            try {

                Thread.sleep(20);

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

        lock.unlock();

        return retStr.get();

    }

}

(4)AndroidManifest.xml权限配置


<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />

自启动配置

首先更改系统默认的python运行版本:


sudo rm /usr/bin/python

sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python

进入/home/pi/.config目录,建立autostart文件夹,进入该文件夹,建立两个后缀名为”.desktop”的文件。
camera.desktop文件,内容为:


[Desktop Entry]

Type=Application

Exec=/home/pi/scripts/startCamera.sh

tcpserver.desktop文件,内容为:


[Desktop Entry]

Type=Application

Exec=python /home/pi/scripts/MyTcpControl.py

完成后,重启树莓派,所有配置全部完成。

最终完成情况:
盒子巨丑,好在空间大,够放!


安卓APP,我家宝宝选的图标,巨喜欢 :-)

作者:wszhoho
项目主页:http://make.quwj.com/project/86

这是一篇发布于 6年 前的文章,其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变,请了解。


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